High School Life Essay

High School, well i can only say that it’s the best experience while i am living in this planet, without high school, well, life is a bit of boring. Some person i met tells me that high school is the best, yeah i agree with them high school is the best, you know why i agree with them because today my college life is sucks, i think it’s too much intro, i will tell how my high school life changed me and why it’s one of the best part i’ll never forget. Being High School is the best part in my school days, more friends is the more happiness you experience but there is always an antagonists that will ruined your day and sometimes they are your teachers but not all the teachers some are in other school, i mean when it comes to a contest proving that who’s the best school in your small baryo, and including some of your friends that will not complete their day without teasing you and bullying you. Life through high school is an extraordinary feeling of every teenager that’s goes through it. People say that high school s the most exciting and happiest moments on a student’s life. I actually didn’t believe that before because I was in high school and doing many assignments and projects. I hated doing those because it took away the time that I suppose to be having fun. When I became a senior in high school that’s when I started to think that I guess those people were right. My parents to started to asked me about college and my plans after high school. I used to tell them â€Å"later† because I didn’t want to face the fact that I’m growing up. High school is a world where you no longer be treated as a child. This is the time when girls start to wear make up and boys turns into men. My high school life wasn’t always fun. I remembered those days that stayed up late to study for exams, tests and quizzes and writing research pap ers. It was also the time to meet new friends and build a friendship and shared laughter, cried together and had our moments.

Redneck Recording Process

How do you record a song? Hmm, well that's easy. It's easy if you follow the three steps, of the Redneck Recording Process. First we jam or play what we feel like playing. Jamming is a very unstructured thing. Jamming usually consists of playing the old â€Å"guit-fiddle† or (guitar by its normal name), having a good time, watching movies and talking shop. Second we take the song we wrote and set up the Rednek Recording Studio (, Misspelled on purpose. ) And finally we'll put it on to tape. Mix it, master it, and finally burn it to CD. This makes it easier to sell. So now lets record â€Å"Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers† to tape. The first step in the Redneck Recording Process is to jam out. My friend comes over and we just start playing. After about thirty minutes to an hour of playing and shop talk we usually have a riff (Musical Melody for the guitar) to work off of for the song. Most of the time this will end up being the bridge or the chorus. After the riff is placed in the song. Well start working out the other parts of the song. Because were both guitarists we'll figure out the other parts of the song later. After another fifteen to forty minutes we basically have the song's guitar parts and vocal melodies worked out. When hitting out the vocals, I usually like to Shoot from the hip. So Chris plays the riff while I start singing words. This part is usually pretty funny cause like Ozzy Osbourne; I usually just sing random words. Sometimes it takes three hours other times it takes three days. After we've got the Melody, I've usually got a basic idea were the lyrics are going. It usually takes me some time to get down some lyrics that work for the song. Ok now that the guitars and vocals are worked out, well take the song to the bass player. He listens awhile to the song gives us some ideas, Then he makes the bass lines for â€Å"Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers†. Then the drummer does the same. After all the parts are finished. We will re-hearse â€Å"BDHR† until we have it down right. â€Å"Brew Drinkin-Hell Raisers† is now ready to be taken to Rednek Rekording Studio, or RRS for short to record it. Rednek Recording Studio is also known as a house. Just to let you know, this paragraph is filled with products and descriptions of them to futher your knowledge of recording. Ok, the song is firing on all cylinders, so lets set up the studio. First we will get the gear we need, so we'll go to a rental company such as Rock & Roll Rentals. First off the mixing board, for this well use the Behringer MX2642A Euro rack to a Tascam DA-P1 DAT recorder. (DAT is short for Digital Audio Tape). Ok we now have the base of RRS, for the rest of the Studio Equipment, I'll just explain the instrument, amp, and microphone used to capture their sound. The rhythm guitar is a Gibson Les Paul Custom running through a Lee Jackson XLA-1000 Amplifier dry. Dry is a term meaning no effects are added to the signal (sound) till after the recording. To record it we are going to â€Å"close mic† or put the mic right next to the speaker cabinet so we get as little atmosphere as possible. The mic I chose is a Shure SM-57 to give it a nice flat sound which is easier to mix. We'll get to the mixing later. For the Lead guitar were using another Gibson Les Paul Custom. The Paul is going dry into a Marshall JCM 800 to a close mic'd SM-57. So they can hear what's going on with the rest of the band Ill hook up some monitors (speakers). Now we have the guitars done, so lets move to the â€Å"thump and the bump† of the ensemble. The drum set is Tama Star Classic Trap Set similar to the one used by Lars Ulrich of Metallica. To mic this were going to use four mics. First one is for the snare, once again were using a SM-57, Boy those really seem to be popular. The second is for the Kick drum we'll try the AKG D112 microphone. The final two mics are the overheads, for these well employ the AKG C-418's. The Drums are now set up in a separate room with some head phones to hear the other band members. Lets move onto the bass; He's going to use an Ernie Ball Stingray bass to a Galien Krueger 2001RB mic'd by a once again a SM-57. Since the bass is in the same room as the guitars, he can hear whats going on. Last we just have to get the vocals. For this well set up in the shower with headphones and an AKG tube (a vacuum Tube) mic for that tube warmth. Whew finally RRS is set up and ready to Rock. Well, we are cocked, locked and ready to rock! Lets get started on recording. With all our mics, monitors, and headphones are hooked up, were going to get a few practice takes in. After we're all in the same groove, we're going to lay it down for real. After about seven takes we've probably got the best were going to get. So we start mixing. First the producer and the artists, who in this case are the same people, start listening to the takes. So I don't get bogged down in techno mumble-jumbo again, let's say we all nailed it on the same take. Now were going to mix it. Basically sound is a 3D ball that has to be assembled. Mixing assembles this ball by cutting and boosting frequencies, volume and adding effects. So â€Å"BD-HR† is now mixed perfectly, so were going to burn this onto a cd. So the song is now on tape and cd which will make it much more accessible for fans. We have been through the three very tedious yet enjoyable steps of the Redneck Recording Process. First I, told you about the jam session, which can only be described not explained. Secondly I gave you the set up of the RRS used to record the song. The third step recording the song. Sorry for the over technical second paragraph, but all of the tools are instrumental to making the record sound right. So hopefully the process and point of this paper got through. If It did, you know what the RRS is, and how to apply it to your own situation.

Nature in King Lear Essay

The Tragedy of King Lear by William Shakespeare is founded on the theme of Nature portrayed throughout the play from Lear’s kingship to personal human relations, from representations of the physical world to notions of the gods, from the portrayal of human nature to the use of animal imagery. Nature is the core of the play King Lear. Shakespeare’s take on nature is ambiguous thus he portrays the two extremes of human condition: good and evil. Through his characters, he asserts that humans are neither good nor evil by nature. However, Shakespeare reflects on what should be considered natural, since the concept of nature stems from social construct. In the play, there is a noticeable distinction between the natural ways in which people wish to behave as opposed to what is considered natural in society. Elements of the natural world, such as Mother Nature and the animal kingdom, are invoked in the characters’ speech, as they use their different concepts of what nature is in order to justify their actions. Through this essay I will demonstrate good and evil nature mainly through the two juxtaposing characters: Cordelia, the Jesus-Like daughter, and Edmund the Machiavellian son, as well as the use of animal imagery to depict natural character traits. The plot begins on the day King Lear decides to divide his inheritance amongst his three daughters. The proud King demands his daughters to show off their undying love for him in order to gain their share. However, King Lear’s notion of love is shallow, pompous and showy, which results in a great disadvantage to Cordelia’s natural way of being. Unfortunately, King Lear’s royal authority belongs to the civilized world. Therefore, he goes against the natural world when he misinterprets Cordelia’s love and casts her out. One of the biggest problems in the play is that Lear calls upon nature: â€Å"which of you shall we say doth love us most/ That we our largest bounty may extend/ Where nature doth with merit challenge† (Act 1, Scene 1, Lines 52-54). Lear mistakes Cordelia’s true natural, loyal behavior as unnatural and disobedient when she sincerely expresses â€Å"I love your majesty according to my bond, no more nor less† (Act I, Scene I, Lines 94-95) without the pompous performance played by Goneril and Reagan. Lear curses Cordelia exiling her outside society disclaiming â€Å"propinquity and property of blood† (Act 1, Scene 1). Lear’s lack of understanding of the natural bond between parents and children leads him to his tragic demise. He is easily fooled by Goneril and Regan’s fake  Ã¢â‚¬Å"natural† behavior when they give their long speeches and flatter him. Eventually, â€Å"Those pelican daughters† (Act 3, Scene 4, Line 75) and â€Å"Unnatural hags† (Act 2, Scene 4, Line-281) as Lear later on refers to them, throw him out of the house once they’ve obtained status and power yet fear he might take it back. Further on, they plot on killing Lear. On the other hand, Cordelia’s love is unconditional. Lear must go through a series of humiliating events to learn the true nature of love and the importance of the bond that Cordelia truthfully tried to explain. Cordelia is a tragic heroine, since she returns from France and easily forgives her father despite his wrath. Most importantly Cordelia gives Lear another chance to redeem himself as a king, a father and a human being. Shakespeare brilliantly portrays human nature through Edmund and Cordelia. By placing them in a similar situation, he is able to demonstrate that humans act accordingly to their nature. These two juxtaposing characters are stripped away from their royal wealth due to social norms. On one hand, Cordelia faces adversity being a legitimate loving and obedient daughter, yet she doesn’t follow the selfish and disloyal path that Edmund does. Cordelia is one of the few genuinely good characters in the entire play. In contrast to her two sisters she’s a saint. Lear’s poor judgment and misunderstanding of the father-daughter bond ultimately leads to his tragic loss. The subplot of the main plot is the relationship between Gloucester and his legitimate son Edgar and his bastard son Edmund. Gloucester as Lear, misunderstands the natural behavior of his sons. Edmund, a â€Å"natural† son, feels he is more deserving than his brother in spite of the social law of primogeniture. By calling Edmund â€Å"loyal and natural boy†, Gloucester mistakes Edmund’s unnatural behavior to be natural and casts out Edgar from the civilized world to the natural world. Lear and Gloucester share that they are both deceived and furthermore, mistake unnatural behavior (conspiracy against parents) to be natural (loyal and loving behavior). These misunderstandings ultimately lead to their downfall. Edmund calls on Mother Nature: â€Å"Nature, art my goddess.† This statement implies that nature provides an evil force. Edmund’s views this baseness as natural. Furthermore, Edmund recognizes his own evil nature and decides to use it to his advantage. He mocks the notion   of any kind of supernatural or divine influence over one’s destiny in the following lines: â€Å"†¦as if we were villains on necessity; fools by heavenly  compulsions; knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance, drunkards liars and adulterers by an enforced obedience of planetary influence† (Act I, Scene 2, Lines 131-135). In Edmund’s soliloquy at the beginning of Act 1 Scene 2, we learn of his malevolent intent to degenerate his legitimate half brother. Machiavelli believed that by nature, humans are not perfect in virtue and therefore, humans do not only posses good qualities, but bad ones â€Å"For if men were all good, this rule would not be allowable, but being they are full of mischief†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 100). Although he recognized that loyalty and trustworthiness can be gained, he believed that in times of adversity people are generally ungrateful, insincere, anxious to look out for their own safety, and greedy for gain â€Å"They are unthankful, inconstant dissemblers; they avoid dangers and are covetous of gain† and will rebel if they are in danger. (p. 99). Therefore, Edmund’s natural behavior represents Machiavelli’s belief of human nature being evil driven by a selfish, insincere and disloyal natural way of being. Contrary to Edmund, Cordelia also faces adversity and she stays true to her benevolent nature. Her character counteracts Machiavelli’s argument of human nature. Through this, Shakespeare hints that Machiavelli’s beliefs aren’t necessarily true and do not apply to human nature. Edmund reflects the character traits found in Machiavelli’s The Prince, as he rebels against the laws of society and is willing to hurt others in order to achieve power and status. He is ungrateful to his brother and father and deceives everyone around him for his benefit. Edmund appears to be loyal and trustworthy and knows how to play with these virtuous qualities, protecting his reputation while betraying others. He’s character reflects the lion and fox-like qualities described in Machiavelli’s depiction of the ideal ruler. Thus, he is conscientious of his wickedness since the â€Å"end justifies the means†. Edmund inverts the order of society by attacking the convention of marriage and law of legitimacy. â€Å"Thou, Nature, art my goddess; to thy law/ My services are bound†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act I, Scene 2, Lines 1-22) Through this passage Edmund expresses his reverence to Nature (nature being the gods) and therefore demands â€Å"Now, gods, stand up for bastards† (Act I, Scene 2, Line 22). He explains that his conception comes from lust and passion being the most natural way of procreation. Furthermore, he rejects society and laws that deprive him from his right of being a legitimate son.

The Development Of Children's Thinking Related To Mathematics Research Paper

The Development Of Children's Thinking Related To Mathematics - Research Paper Example Specifically addressing the cultural disparities, rather than focusing on elements of irrelevant ethnicity or dismissing merely because of socio-economic issues will help to find solutions for the problem as it is restructured for the reasons that these disparities occur, rather than unrelated assumptions (Bodovski & Farkas, 2007). When specifically researched, the disparities due to ethnic diversities, especially between Caucasians and African Americans, the differences can be measured because of the experiences that African American students have in classrooms where they are treated as if they will not learn the information, leaving them in a position where they are not encouraged, are not given adequate attention, nor expected to achieve. The disparities that are observed among children when demographic information is used in regard to ethnicity shows a wide achievement gap between Caucasians and Asians when compared to children who are African American and Latino. Culture, on the other hand, is far more influential than any other aspect of a child's life on how they will approach their education. Research, it appears, has been focused on the wrong criteria for interpreting the data. New information that has been observed for the reasons why children of different ethnicities have different levels of achievement relies on the experiences that children have within their own cultures in regard to learning in combination with the experiences that they have with learning opportunities within the school systems.

Adolescent School Violence and Counseling Research Proposal

Adolescent School Violence and Counseling - Research Proposal Example The purpose of the research is to identify how far student counseling is useful in managing or preventing violent and aggressive behavior among high school learners in the San Diego Unified School District. A qualitative research approach will be employed for the research as it best suits the topic under consideration. Random sampling and questionnaires will be made use of in the research. A before and after research design will be administered on the target group who will randomly be selected from the various senior high schools in the San Diego Unified School District. The proposed research is sure to attract the attention of any student or researcher of education while its research outcomes will be beneficial to the larger group of teachers, parents, learners, psychologists, counselors and educators. Introduction a. Statement of the research problem: The topic for the research proposal is the relationship between student counseling and school violence. The research seeks to explor e whether counseling reduces or prevents adolescent school violence. The purpose of the research is to identify how far student counseling is useful in managing or preventing violent and aggressive behavior among high school learners in the San Diego Unified School District b. Statement of the importance of the study: The statistics of school violence among the adolescents in the United States is quite alarming. It has been identified that almost forty percent of all violent crimes against adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 take place on school grounds (Fitzpatrick, 1999). Similarly, the Department of Education and Justice (2007) measured approximately 628,000 violent behaviors and crimes among students aged 12-18 during the year 2005 alone. While the reasons for these violent and aggressive behaviors among school children are many and varied, researchers unanimously agree that school counselors have a pivotal role in teaching these children appropriate behavior. The present research proposal assumes greater significance as there have not been any previous authentic studies that tested how far student counseling has been useful in managing or preventing violent and aggressive behavior among high school learners in the San Diego Unified School District. The review of literature also offers the rationale for the current research. Researchers such as Rayburn (2004) have identified that school counselors who deal with problems of students as well as their families are better equipped to teach high school learners the importance of values and moral education. Similarly, studies have also revealed that school counselors can develop feelings of mutual respect, support, cooperative individualism, and develop mutual trust among school children (Sink & Rubel, 2001). The need for adequate counseling services at the school level has been pointed out by many researchers. In this respect, researchers at Hamilton Fish Institute observe that schools offer only limited counseling services to the needy students and that â€Å"expansion of these services is necessary to identify troubled students and assist them before their problems become severe and to respond adequately if a serious incident should occur† (Hamilton Fish Institute, p. 8). In certain cases, counseling and psychotherapeutic interventions are necessary not only for the perpetrators but also for the victims and witnesses of violence as well. The research questions would appeal to any student or researcher of education while the research outcomes will be beneficial to the larger group of teachers, parents, learners, psychologists, counselors and educators. c. Summary of prior literature: The major data bases searched for the research proposal includes

Tax Accounting II Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tax Accounting II Case - Essay Example Schneider as his tax professional in the latest filing of his income tax returns.1 The accountant may be considered to have knowledge of things done in the past about deducting the cost of artwork as part of deductible expenses. As to whether there could be tax assessment by IRS because of possibly underreported income due to higher reported expenses in the past, the same should be viewed as tax avoidance because there was really no intention to avoid or cheat on taxes. Moreover, it could be inferred from the case fact that claiming the cost of artworks as deductible business expense is allowed if treated or given as a kind of employee compensation.2 The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is that the former is legal as a way to reduce tax but the latter is against the law because there is an intention to defraud the government for the correct payment of taxes. In the case of Mr. Conor, he did not intend not to pay taxes, he claimed in good faith the cost artwork as business expense with the presumed knowledge of the accountant although the latter failed to object in previous years. In tax avoidance, which is a legitimate minimizing of taxes, the taxpayer should use methods approved by the IRS.3 Mr. Conor was only lacking in knowledge of method on how deduction could be made legitimate. Thus his CPA said that expense is allowed if given as employee compensation. It would have been tax evasion if Mr. Conor was not allowed at all to have claimed as expense the cost of artworks. The same would amount to reporting expenses that are not allowed and thereby understating income and the related tax. The fact also that half of the cost of artwork was now claimed in the latest tax return with the consent of the CPA should support the argument that the method used earlier was an allowed by and therefore a tax avoidance was more applicable than tax evasion.4 This researcher views that Mr. Schneider has not fully complied with the professional norms of

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Art History - Essay Example The materials that have been used to construct and decorate the interior of the building make it more unique. Different types of wood have been used in the interior of the building. The different types of wood that has been used includes teak, oak, maple, cedar and mahogany. Contrast of colour is evident in the interior of the building due to the arrangement of the wood materials. On the other hand, the interlocking joinery on the stair cases has been left exposed. The inlays in the tile mantles match the inlays in the custom furniture. Some of the panels also act as concealed doors. The woodworking in the house is excellent and it match the furniture that are found in the building (Douglass, 2013). A traditional plan also exists in the interior of the building which makes the interior beautiful. Different shapes have also been used in the room for the purposes of creating harmony in the building. Natural light is also able to enter the interior of the building which makes it possibl e top clearly view the decorations. The rooms in the building have been well shaped and organized around a central hall which makes it more unique. The symmetry in the interior of the building has been localized which plays an essential role in terms of making it attractive to the audience. The symmetrical spaces in the building are related to one another which is an indication that the design was and construction were carried out with a lot of expertise. The ceiling heights in the building are first and the second floors. On the other hand, the height is also different in the dens. This creates uniqueness as the spaces in the building are constantly shifting. The interior of the building is quite spacious and it allows the different furniture to be put in place. The craftsman style concepts were also used in the decorations of the interior of the building which makes it distinct. This is considering that the craftsman style usually utilize simple techniques

Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Quiz - Assignment Example Even though the concept of neoclassical economics has gained fame through the implementation by various economists, there are critics on the principle. The economists who were majorly involved in the neoclassical concept in economics are George Stigler, John Hicks, William Stanley, John Bates Clark, and Carl Menger (Frostater, 23). Neoclassical approach is based on several features that are common in various schools of economic thought. A prominent economist called Roy Weintraub argued that the neoclassical economic concept if based on three assumptions that; consumers concentrate on utility maximization while firms concentrate on profit maximization, people are always operating independently due to the fact of relying on the relevant information and there is also a great perception in the aspect of rationale preferences in the individuals. The idea of neoclassical criticism brings the element of imperfect completion in the market. This happens in various ways such as; large business organizations may come together with a goal of neoclassical profit maximization but if there is a rejection in social issues, there is a problem, making the neoclassical equilibrium theory companionable with the economic situation delays thus creating chances for poor performance. There are complex mathematical concepts that are challenging to relate with the current economic situations in the markets. This section concentrates on some three strategic programs that are required in order to meet the long-term economic policies and goals of Stockholm such as becoming a state that is carbon neutral, clean technology and facilitating the economic opportunities from green innovation technology (Frostater, 71). The three sectors are improving urban transport and accessibility, production of energy resources that are free from carbon and creativity or innovation in the business premises. Maintenance of

Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Entrepreneurs - Essay Example With the successes gathered by high level entrepreneurs who barely attained a high school education in preference of pursuing their life dreams in entrepreneurship, one concludes that their success was inborn due to their youth and relative inexperience. Research has shown that different aspects are central for one to become a successful entrepreneur. Tomczyk, Lee and Winslow (2012) portend that although personality and motivation (inborn characteristics) affects the entrepreneurial prowess, the factors are, in turn, influenced by adjustable factors such as physiology, family, culture and demographics. Skills and abilities also play a crucial role in the establishment of a successful entrepreneur. It is clear that successful entrepreneur combines both the inborn characteristics such as motivation and personality with gained traits such education and work. This affirms that entrepreneurs are both born and made. The personal attributes of creativity and risk-taking are excellent founda tions for a successful entrepreneur. However, strengthening them with education and experience makes a person stand a better chance of being successful. Otherwise, how would a person be successful if they do not combine both

ETHICAL DECISIONS IN LEADERSHIP ( case study) Research Paper

ETHICAL DECISIONS IN LEADERSHIP ( case study) - Research Paper Example It is possible that an ill-considered decision could damage the employees’ perception of Lucy and compromise her future effectiveness as a manager. Lucy Matthews is time-bound to render her decision, which must be a choice of one of the candidates, and which shall necessarily exclude the other two, with any attendant consequences. In formulating the problem thus, attention is called to two things: first, the obligations and demands of the position, and second, the capability of the candidates to meet them. These are the primary and mandatory considerations which the decision shall have to address; they are so important such that if none of the three have the necessary capability to meet the duties of the position, then another candidate must be sought aside from them. It is only when these conditions are equally met by at least two of the candidates that other, secondary, factors may be weighed into the decision. It is possible for such a problem as this to get cluttered in the mass of information that has been presented. The evaluation should thus be directed by the main problem articulated in the prior section. Firstly, the facts that shall be presented support an evaluation of the mandatory considerations earlier mentioned, that is, the duties of the job and the capabilities of the candidates. Only if at least two equally suitable candidates are found will other facts be considered. Concerning the position to which the promotion shall be made, there is no indication in the case study of its particulars, but there are hints that: it is a middle management job, inasmuch as the three candidates are now on supervisory levels, and aspire to be moving higher; it is a marketing job, most likely the management of the team leaders, but who must be highly attuned to the tastes and preference of consumers who create demand for their product; finally inasmuch as

Critically assess the merits of the international intervention in Essay

Critically assess the merits of the international intervention in Kosovo - Essay Example It is an open truth that the sovereignty of every country is regarded as its most cherished asset (Warhurst, 2007; Alothman et al, 2010). This not withstanding, countries and states have not always had their sovereign rules to be intact. This is because of the international conventions and regulations that bind various nations and spell out some accepted codes of existence. In most cases, when these codes are broken, leading to all kinds of humanitarian crisis in individual countries, the resultant consequence has been for the international world to intervene to defend the interest of the ordinary person. A similar situation is what was experienced in Kosovo when the international body, led by the media cried out on what was supposedly a humanitarian crisis in Kosovo. The international intervention in Kosovo in 1999, which was largely led by the United States and NATO have come under intense scrutiny and review by scholars, the legal fraternity, historians, and the media. Even though the NATO and the United States had their own reasons and justifications for undertaking the international intervention they took in Kosovo, not much of these commentators who have researched and analyzed the events in the lead up to the intervention and the events specifically involved in the events seem to be convinced by the actions taken by the international bodies who staged their interventions in Kosovo. It is from this perspective that the present essay is being written to critically assess the merits of the international intervention in Kosovo. ... Indeed, from the estimates of these two bodies, Kosovo was experiencing a humanitarian crisis and so it was important to intervene to ensure that the lives of ordinary people were protected and secured (Pybus, 2001; Ankomah, 2005). This is basically the factor that led to an international intervention in Kosovo. Prior to the major intervention, the international community, led by NATO and the United States had actually said that the crisis in Kosovo was as a result of the Serbian nationalism. In this regard, they justified their merit in the intervention as a need to protecting the selected few, of whom crime and acts of atrocities were being perpetuated against (Macklin, 1996). Analysts say that there have been cases of humanitarian crisis boiling up in some countries before the 1999 Kosovo crisis, which received no international interventions. The case of Kosovo was therefore supposed to be a different one and thus justifiable to subjecting it to critical analysis as to why the int ervention was necessary. But whenever this need for justification is posed to NATO, they are quick to defend the merit in the intervention, saying that there was a specific target in this case, who were the Serbs. From their estimation and argument therefore, if it had been a war within one sided front, the international intervention would not have been so necessary but for the fact that there was a united force rising against a weaker opposition, delaying on the intervention would have caused the growing human tragedy to continue (Maddox, 2005; Cliff, 2009). The outcome of the intervention The outcome of the international intervention has generally been criticized as one that did not yield the expected promise with which it was started (Papadakis, 2000). One of such schools

Child Obesity Essay Example for Free

Child Obesity Essay Who’s To Blame for Obesity? Do you want to be surrounded with a society filled with obese children? Obesity has become a big problem in America. Parents are not being careful with the amount of junk food they’re allowing their kids to take in. According to Daniel Wientraub’s article â€Å"The Battle Against Fast Food Begins in the Home†, he claims that parents are in the position to fight the epidemic of overweight children, not the government or fast food companies. I agree with Daniel Wientraub because parents should be held accountable for the obesity of their children. Advertising has become Americas biggest tool for manipulating kids in the U.S as indicated in David Barboza’s â€Å"If you Pitch It, They Will Eat It†, New York Times article , professor Linn of Harvard says â€Å"The programs have become advertising for the food and the food has become advertising for the programs (Barboza,P.39,Par.33).† Children are getting attached to television and programming, which is where the fast food commercials vastly appear. For example, kids begin to ask their parents for fast food just because there happens to be a toy in their â€Å"Happy Meal†. Parents don’t have the strength needed to continue managing on telling their children â€Å"No!† because they will cry, nag, and proceed to bug their parents to take them. Marketing strategies aim on manipulating kids, and the more being targeted, the more money they continue making. Parents need to start saying â€Å"No!† and begin acting like the boss, instead of it being the other way around. Exercising is a huge factor on staying healthy. A vastly amount of kids in America are not participating in physical education. In the article â€Å"The Battle Against Fast Food Begins in the Home† Daniel Weintraub indicates â€Å"We limit television and encourage our boys to get out the house, either to participate in organized sports or to ride their bikes, skateboards, or roller blades(Weintraub,P.43,Par.15).† This particularly indicates that parents need to push and motivate their children to exercise daily, to remain active. Staying fit is more important because it prevents obesity. The majority of children lack exercise and stuff themselves with fast food but it isn’t their fault because their too young to comprehend any better. Parents need to step it up and provide their kids with consistent physical education to prevent their children becoming obese. Adolescents need to start noticing what they are feeding their children. A great amount of food comes from the home kids are living in. in Daniel Wientraub’s  article â€Å"The Battle Against Fast Food Begins in the Home†, he states that, â€Å"We try to cook as many meals as possible on the theory that even the last healthy home cooked meal is probably better for our children than the healthiest fast food serving (Weintraub, P.43, Par.15).† I support this claim because when kids are given a meal at home, their parent can provide and control the ingredients they are feeding them, in contrast to when they are eating out. Therefore, kids can consume vegetables and healthy edibles that their parents are serving at home, without worrying about the bad factors that fast food is giving them. In other words, cooking at home is a veritable good way for parents preventing obesity. Others may suggest that fast food services are at fault for childhood obesity. However, I believe this is faulty reasoning because fast food places provide a great amount of high fattening food that makes kids gain weight. Support of my position can be found in the following â€Å"Fast foods marketing strategies, which make perfect sense from a business perspective, succeed only when they induce a substantial number of us to overeat (Brownie, P.33, Par.6).† This clearly substantiates my position by illustrating that purchasing fast food products may be cheap and less time consuming, but it is a bad decision for parents to make on their children. In conclusion, I am adamant that parents are responsible for what they feed their kids. As such, in my opinion it would be in our best interest for parents to stand up and help children at most they can. If parents follow this course of action, I am confident that child obesity will decrease not only in America, but all over the world.

What photography can and should document

What photography can and should document The social crisis of our time, however, calls for a redefinition of what photography can and should document. Obviously, not all documentary photography has to be didactic in pointing to a possibility of social change. But there is a need for discourse among documentary photographers about the content of work, and its relationship to the social movements of our time. The social movements of our day are more complex. Its often harder to find the sense of political certainty which filled the vision, and inspired the dedication of these artists who came before. Photojournalism relies upon the notion that photography captures an objective record of reality for viewers. Yet, at the same time, a clearly defined system of rules and conventions governs the professional practice of photojournalism, delimiting the range of appropriate images and shaping the form those images take. Paradoxically, news photographs are valued as neutral records at the same time that they are admired as carefully crafted pictures. Photojournalists earn kudos not only for what they show, but also for how well they show it. Documentary photography was tied, historically, to both exploration and social reform. Some early documentarians worked, literally, documenting features of the natural landscape. Others worked, like Lewis Hine for the great social surveys of the early part of the century. Their work was used to expose evil and promote change. Their images were, perhaps, something like those journalists made but, less tied to illustrating a newspaper story, they had more space to breathe in. A classic example is Hines image of Leo, 48 inches high, 8 years old, picks up bobbins at fifteen cents a day, in which a young boy stands next to the machines which have, we almost surely conclude, stunted his growth. Documentary photography supposed to dig deep, get at what Robert E. Park (a sociologist who had worked as a journalist for daily papers in Minneapolis, Denver, Detroit, Chicago and New York) called the Big News, be concerned about society, play an active role in social change, be socially responsible, worry about its effects on the society in which its work is distributed. Photographers like Hine saw their work, and it has often been seen since, as having an immediate effect on citizens and legislators. Today, we see this work as having an exploratory, investigative character, something more like social science. Contemporary documentary photographers, whose work converges more consciously with social science, have become aware, as anthropologists have, that they have to worry about, and justify, their relations to the people they photograph. Photographs get meaning, like all cultural objects, from their context. Even paintings or sculptures, which seem to exist in isolation, hanging on the wall of a museum, get their meaning from a context made up of what has been written about them, either in the label hanging beside them or elsewhere, other visual objects, physically present or just present in viewers awareness, and from discussions going on around them and around the subject the works are about. Documentary projects typically go on for years, often focus on social issues rather than news events, and are usually independently conceived and financed by the photographer, rather than commissioned by a publication. Documentary is often assumed to be subjective, to have a point of view on the subject being investigated, but it is also presumed to be honest reporting and photographers in this mode do not generally resort to setting up shots. These sort of projects are sometimes sold in pieces to magazines but with the decline of mass circulation magazines like Life, the usual goal has become to publish the whole project in book form. Photojournalism is used here to refer to the coverage of current news events in an extended format, both in the investigation and shooting stage and in the final story product which normally consists of more than one photograph. Because these projects are time-sensitive, they may take months but not years to complete. Photojournalism is usually commissioned by a publication, such as a magazine or newspaper, but will sometimes later appear in book form as well. While documentary projects are usually driven by the personal interests or convictions of the photographer, photojournalisms subject matter is generally determined by what is deemed news-worthy by the media. The question of whether an image appropriately â€Å"reflects reality† is an issue that documentary photography and photojournalism has contended with throughout their histories. The global audience is changing, and photography needs to reflect this in order to remain effective. Readers are disillusioned at the manipulation they are slowly becoming aware to via pseudo-documentaries on society and politics by filmmakers. That the camera cannot lie is true only in the sense that the images it captures must have existed in one form or another at some particular time. We are familiar with historical photos that have been retouched to include or exclude political figures. We are less familiar with the potential of new technologies for falsifying images, particularly those that appear in newspapers and magazines. Photojournalism, photography that accompanies stories intended for newspaper and magazine readers, has a long and cherished tradition of truthfulness. The faking of photographs, either through stage direction by the photographer or through darkroom manipulation, unfortunately, also has a long tradition. However, computer technology puts photographic faking on a new level of concern as images can be digitized and manipulated without the slightest indication of such trickery. If the manipulation of photographs is accepted for any image, the public will naturally doubt all photographs and text within all publications. Scoopt, the citizen photojournalism arm of Getty Images, claims to have experts who carefully screen images to ensure no digital tampering has occurred. As Far id points out, however, tampering is becoming increasingly difficult to detect with the naked eye—particularly for understaffed organizations trying to push through photos of breaking events. Yet, human beings continue to die from war, murder, natural disasters; to be born, now in litters as large as seven or eight: to live in harmony and conflict. Newspapers and photojournalism have survived the onslaught of electronic media, continuing to report the human maelstrom of a global citizenry as if it were a vivid reality play m the midst of the non reality o turn-of-the-millennium culture. Almost drowned within media criticism have been the voices of those professionals whose appreciation of the subjective nature of observation and reportage has led to more sensitive and sophisticated practice of visual journalism. In daily practice, digital-imaging technology has led to increased awareness of the ease of manipulating visual reportage, in turn leading to higher not lower ethical standards. At the same time, new technology has made visual coverage faster, easier, and more prolific via digital distribution. More and more photojournalists are asked to also be advertising photographers shooting fashion, food, architecture, portrait, and editorial illustration assignments. These assignments take photojournalists away from doing meaningful documentaries about social conditions in their community. These economically driven assignments are fuelled by news directors, publishers, and photographers who dont necessarily distinguish between magazine and television commercial advertising and classic photojournalism documentation. When a young photojournalist is expected to split her time between news and corporate controlled images, its hard for her to take herself seriously as an on-call visual documentarian. Issues and debates surrounding truth will continue as long as media is reported. Even with the saturation of so-called amateur journalists, there will always be motives of greed, a human trait that is undeniable in our society. Some critics have predicted that in a few years, images whether still or moving will not be allowed in trials as physical evidence because of the threat to their veracity created by digital alterations. Most consumers of the media can easily tell the difference between an advertisement and a news story. But sometimes the distinction is so subtle, only highly observant readers can tell the difference. But no matter how the tools of journalism change, fundamental ethical concerns still apply. Displaying violent, sensational images for economic reasons, violating a persons privacy before the judicial process can function, manipulating news-editorial pictures to alter their content, stereotyping individuals into pre-conceived categories and blurring the distinction between advertising and editorial messages were journalism concerns in 1895, are important topics in 1995 and will be carefully considered issues, no doubt, in 2095. Now, as we witness the dramatic transformations to the print journalism industry, these questions not only reveal how the idea of visual journalism has congealed but also indicate the kinds of issues that both photojournalism practitioners and their audiences will need to resolve in a world in which the printed periodical is no longer the favoured institution through which these images are mediated. Over the last fifteen years or so we have witnessed the emergence of new kinds of visual story-telling. Digital photography gave us instantaneous feedback; camera phones gave us ubiquitous photography; picture-sharing sites gave us a developing social milieu in which these instant and ubiquitous pictures could be shared. As a result we have new formal models for presenting visual information. There is more documentary feature production than ever before. Still images are organized as slideshows, browse-and-enlarge albums, or in an irregular temporal flow. Reuters Bearing Witness: Five Years of the Iraq War is a brilliant use of multimedia that is not a linear display of images. These new formal properties will redefine visual grammars and inform how and of what photographers make pictures, but they will also be subject to the new contexts and frameworks that will continue to emerge. The value of information increases not only when it is controlled and withheld but also when it is given shape and purpose, when value articulates with meaning. We may not remember many of the facts that led to the brief student uprising in Chinas Tiananmen Square in 1989, but you can never forget the image of the lone protester standing defiantly in front of a line of menacing, green Chinese tanks. Words and pictures become one powerfully effective communicative medium inside your own mind. Professional photojournalists cannot be in the best places at the right times in order to capture events as they unfold. The future of photojournalism lies with the new breed of moral and aware consumers. The Internet offers us the chance to reinvent photojournalism by enabling us to blend the best practices from still photojournalism, broadcasting, and independent films. The Internet permits us to blend still photographs with audio, text, video, and databases to make compelling content that is far richer than print or broadcasting typically deliver. This new world of visual story telling gives us a chance to reinvent the form and to adapt integration of various media types to tell the most compelling possible story. Visual journalism on the web offers the chance to tell narrative stories that speak powerfully to underlying truths of the human condition. The traditional model of print distribution and direct editorial funding has been unravelling from the 1970s onwards, ever since weekly pictorial magazines like Life folded. This demonstrates photojournalism that required an editorial paymaster was in trouble long before the Internet was an issue or the global recession added to its woes. It involves seeing oneself as a publisher of content and a participant in a distributed story, the form of which helps reshape the content of the story. Rather than just producing a single image or small series of images to be sold into another persons story, multimedia on the web has numerous advantages for visual storytellers. â€Å"Both media are time-based, as opposed to space-based. A print layout is about space — the eye wanders; the viewer controls the time and rhythm. Time-based, of course, means the show is driven by the audio and is viewed over time,† â€Å"good slideshows, I think, have a very different rhythm than video — less literal. Slideshows need to lean on the strength of the still image — these punctuated moments in time that visually meld with the audio.† As a result, photojournalism at the beginning of the 21st century find itself maturing beyond the naive idealism of early and mid-20th-centur positivism, and even beyond the dark cynicism of late-20th-century post modernism, toward a profound sense of purpose: Good visual reportage may very well be the only credible source of reasonably true images in decades to come. The heart of photojournalism is reporting human experience accurately, honestly, and with an overriding sense of social responsibility. The key to earning and maintaining public trust is increasing awareness of the process of visual reporting and its potential to inform or misinform. Published in Life magazine in 1937, Robert Capas photograph shows in one instant the suddenness and loneliness of an anonymous soldiers death. It has been suggested that the photograph was either a chance occurrence by the photographer shooting blindly, or it was staged for the benefit of the camera. He photographed in China, on the beaches of Normandy, in Israel, and finally in Vietnam, where he was killed by a land mine./10 Capa consistently produced images with strong emotional impact and high technical expertise. Those Capa images that have been chosen by his brother Cornell Capa and by Magnum to represent his lifes work emphasize the qualities of drama and heroism and thus have had a crucial role in sustaining the Robert Capa legend. Robert Capas saying, often quoted, that â€Å"If your pictures arent good enough, youre not close enough,† has helped reinforce the important elements of drama and the heroic photographer that have been emphasized in the Magnum style. Capas most famous photograph, â€Å"Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain 1936,† often celebrated as the greatest war photograph of all time, creates drama with a close-up depiction of the moment of death and conveys a macho persona with the clear implication of Capas decision to place himself in close proximity to danger. His choice of a type of lens that closely resembles normal human vision, probably around 50 mm, gives the feeling that we are right next to the soldier as he falls. The fact that the viewer can see the landscape around and behind him indicates that Capa is clearly not hidden safely far away with a telephoto lens (which would compress and narrow our view of the background), but is closely engaged with the action.43 Capas photographs of D-Day where he is obviously in the surf with the advancing troops has a similar effect of dramatizing events by being as close as possible to the action, and thereby also endowing the photographer with even more daring and courage than the heroes of the moment, the invading soldiers, since he had a choice that the soldiers did not: to photograph from up close or from afar. While many of Robert Capas photographs of war, such as â€Å"Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain 1936,† do not seem particularly dramatic viewed now, in the 1930s they were hailed as the finest pictures of front-line action ever taken.44 Certainly, this kind of close-up view of war was relatively new to viewers who were more used to images of fightings aftermath. However, captions applied by the picture magazines certainly played an important role in the creation of Capas images as dramatic. As Fred Ritchin notes, Capas Spanish Civil War photographs were often accompanied by captions such as In the Heart of the Battle: The Most Amazing War Picture Ever Taken, and You can almost smell the [gun] powder in this picture, and the most famous, This is War! in the British magazine Picture Post.45 Robert Franks book, The Americans. Frank traveled around the United States on a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1955/56 taking photographs of people at funerals, on the street, at drive-in movies, in restaurants, driving cars. Rather than rely on neat geometrical compositions to create abstract patterns, he focused on fleeting, contemplative facial expressions or included empty space to lend his photographs a sense of sad loneliness and of disjuncture between people. In his photograph Elevator Miami Beach the young elevator girl looks wistfully off into the distance as her rich-looking patrons blur past her out the door. Its not possible to know whether it is her sadness the photograph conveys, or Franks. While the documentary aspect of Franks work in The Americans is highly subjective, like much of Magnums own work, he uses the element of artistic expression to create a whole different visual style, leading viewers to conclusions about his subjects at odds with the conclusions drawn from work in the Magnum style.

Religions Influence On Society And Homosexuality Sociology Essay

Religions Influence On Society And Homosexuality Sociology Essay This research paper will look at how religious, mainly Christian, practitioners and studiers of science or psychology have influenced societys view of homosexuality. The Gay Rights Movement has been and is the longest fight for rights in history due to the fervent and persistent opposition put up by fundamentalist Christian leaders and scientists trying to prove homosexuality is a disability, which combined lead to society in general to ostracizing anyone of a different sexual orientation than heterosexual. The pressure that stems from religion is the long-standing belief that homosexuality is a sin. The bible, which to this day remains the best-selling book in the world, quite clearly condemns homosexuality in Leviticus 18:22. The majority of Christian followers interpret this verse literally, condemning anyone of non-heterosexual orientation. A large portion of todays society is overwhelmingly homophobic, and a lot of this has to do with Christianity being the largest religion in t he world, and it has been around for nearly 2000 years. Religion has always offered a why in life, meaning an explanation for why people exist, and science became a rational alternate option. Religion is based entirely on worshipping a deity or higher being that was responsible for the creation of humankind and life in general, whereas science is based on the physical evidence that is interpreted into the scientific version of creation and becoming how humanity is today (evolution). Religion and science, as a general rule, refute each other and constantly campaign to prove the other wrong. Despite this, however, for a very long time they agreed on one thing: homosexuality is bad. Science, for a while professed that homosexuality was one of two things: one it didnt really exist and was a life choice that people made themselves, or two that it was a treatable disorder. Eventually the science community reneged this opinion, after maintaining it for years. Today, groups like the America n Psychiatric Association (APA), who are considered the world experts on the human brain, now have officially declared that homosexuality is not a disorder, syndrome, or any form of mental disease, and cannot be changed by the individual. They also strongly oppose things like anti-gay ministries, where religious organizations will try to fix or save gays. Science became an alternate belief system to religion in the early 1600s. The Catholic church often ostracized members of the church for being scientists, and anyone who believed in something that wasnt Creationism. Christianity became all about tradition and science became all about discovery and changing. The two began a continuous struggle for society to follow one and not the other, and to force society to conform. The vast majority of the human race follows one or the other or both: science and/or religion. Christianity generally condemns homosexuality, and almost always has. This total damnation eventually lead to largely Christian values becoming an intrinsic norm in society as a whole, as demonstrated by the attitude of the public. Christianity remains the root of this hatred, as perpetrated by religious denominations in the world, and by the largely Christian dominated governments in many industrialized countries. The Holy Roman Catholic church was the first established Christian church, and since several hundred denominations have split off from it and each other, producing many different takes on the bible and religious morals. Nearly every culture in the world has or has had religion and now Christianity is the most dominant religion in the world with 1.9 to 2.1 billion believers (all denominations of Christianity). Christianity started with turn of the millennium roughly 2011 years ago. The writing of the New Testament in the bible happened shortly after Jesus was crucified, whi ch religious historians estimate was around 40 AD. Thus Christianity was born. The Old Testament, which Judaism also follows, was written a long time before Jesus came. This is where the book of Leviticus is. 22 Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable (Leviticus 18:22) is the bible verse that is used to justify religious homophobia (notice that it has nothing about gay women). Many millions of Christians depend on one man to tell them what the bible means and what they should do to follow it and this man is the Pope. He is the leader of the Holy Roman Catholic church. The current one is Pope Benedict XVI. It is a tendency toward an intrinsic moral evil, and thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a person engaging in homosexual behavior therefore acts immorally (Benedict XVI) is Pope Benedicts official stance on homosexuality. He does call for more compassion, but maintains that homosexuality is a s in and thinks that sex should occur only between a married man and woman. Many Christian leaders agree with him and have more to add, like Reverend Albert Mohler Jr. There is no conclusive research that indicates any biological basis for sexual orientation. But and this is a big if here if science were ever to discover a correlation or causation with biological factors, Christians should not be surprised. We believe in the catastrophic and comprehensive effects of the Fall and Gods judgment upon sinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦such a discovery, if it were to be accepted, would not change Gods condemnation of all forms of homosexual behavior, nor would it mean that this represents the inviolable identity of any individual. As I argued previously, moral responsibility does not require absolute moral choice. A soldier in battle may not have chosen to be in a situation of moral anguish, but he is still absolutely responsible for his decisions and actions. Those who commit homosexual acts, whoever they are and whatever their biological profile, are absolutely responsible for their sin. Regardless of any actual or hypothetical orientation, those who commit same-se x acts are responsible for the choice to commit the sinful act. Those who claim that they did not choose their sexual attraction are nevertheless fully responsible for choosing to perform sexual acts the Bible condemns as sin period. (Mohler 2007). This is the opinion R. Albert Mohler Jr. provides for his public in the online newspaper he writes for frequently. He says that homosexuals cant change from being homosexual, but it is acting on it that is a sin. This is a used justification for the persecution of homosexuals. However, some differ from this belief that homosexuality is something that cant be changed just the actions. Many churches believe that therapy can cure homosexuality. This therapy ranges from gay-bashing seminars to shock treatment to gang-rape. There are facilities that use things like seminars on how to become heterosexual, or even shock treatment. These methods are supposed to cure an individual of homosexuality by showing them that being heterosexual is advantageous because it is holy and will get one to heaven. These seminars also tell all the disadvantages of being gay, using the inability to have children between same-sex couples and the bible as justification to become heterosexual. Some people who hav e exited these programs say that they work, and now claim that they are heterosexual. Although the vast majority of religion resoundingly condemns homosexuality, there are some Christians that dont. For example, a book called Homosexuality and the Christian Faith, which was written by several ministers and church-associated people, says that Efforts to change ones sexual orientation usually (some say always) fail. People who have experimented with homosexual behavior (as many heterosexual people do) can turn away from it. And homosexuals, like heterosexuals, can become celibate. But a recent review of research on efforts to help people change their sexual orientation concludes that there is no evidence indicating that such treatments are effective. Christian ex-gay organizations have had a go at this. But now are most are now either defunct or abandoned by their ex-gay founders. Reading their literature, one is struck by the admitted homosexual temptations many ex-gays struggle with (Wink 68). This is the opinion of David G Myers who is a social psychologist and contributed to this book on Accepting What Cannot Be Changed, in Chapter 7. Decidedly, not all Christians are homophobic, in fact there are many who arent and completely reject the policies put out by ministries like the Holy Roman Catholic Church. Denominations like the United Church of Christ (UCC) have earned nicknames like the gay ministry because they were revolutionary in their thinking. The UCC was the first Christian denomination to ordain and hire an out gay minister, as well as the first woman minister and the first black minster. All together, Christianity largely doesnt accept homosexuality and wields a significant influence over society as they have 2.1 billion members. Science is the careful study of physical evidence to find reasoning for life and its many components. It is the way many people rationalize the existence of consciousness and being. Science is anything from the study of insects to the study of the human brain. The human brain has been a source of fascination for hundreds of years. Psychology is not an exact study, which makes it hard to pinpoint. However, people have been trying for years. Famous psychologists like Sigmund Freud had many theories on mental disorders, and homosexuality was counted among these for many years. Starting around 1867, a scientist named Karl Heinrich Ulrichs began publishing his findings on homosexuality and the human brain. He was the first pioneer in the field of homosexuality scientifically. He theorized that gays and lesbians were created during the incubation period, that the external gender was one and the internal gender was the opposite (internal woman, external man or vice versa). He also coined hi s own terms fro gays. An urning was a gay man, an urningin was a lesbian, a dioning was a straight person and a urano-dioning was a bisexual person. Urning meant follower or descencent of Uranus, urningin meant heavenly Aphrodite daughter of Uranus, dioning meant common Aphrodite daughter of Zeus by mortal Dione, and urano-dioning was a combination (Uranus or Ouranus was the Greek god of the sky, who married the earth god, Gaia, and their children were the Titans, who emasculated Uranus for Gaia, and then were imprisoned themselves by their children who were the Greek gods Zeus, Posiedon and Hades). Ulrichs claimed that urnings and urningins were the third sex. He also believed that there was a scale of being gay. Homosexuals were a wiebling or a mannling. Wieblings were the female-type, or receptive, meaning the played the role of a woman during sex, and were also feminine in every other manner. Mannlings were the male-type or insertive, meaning the played the role of a man during sex, and were masculine in every other way. Ulrichs was the very first to ever research homosexuality, and using his studies he advocated for gay rights for his entire career. Magnus Hirschfeld was the second real pioneer in this field of study. His theories were more widely disputed, mostly to the inconsistencies of his theories and his tendency to disagree with himself later on. He was the first scientist in this field to advocate against gay marriage. He theorized that homosexuality was invented by Nature to prevent from producing degenerate offspring. He claimed that homosexual individuals would produce disabled or handicapped children and were also produced by degenerate families, but later refuted this theory when he considered that he himself was gay and could find no fault with his family to use as justification. He did, however, believe that homosexuality was largely dependent on environment. Hirschfeld interpreted masculinity and femininity as abstractions and speculated t hat sexual orientation was intrinsic with male and female characteristics, of the mental and physical levels. Thus people who were more androgynous in appearance and mental make-up were more likely to be gay. He even went as far as speculating about potential spermatozoa in vaginal secretions on women and menstrual blood in the urine of men. The next scientist in this field was named Steinach and was the first to perform any physical surgery to try and cure homosexuality. He performed testicle transplants between heterosexual and homosexual males. He took the testicles of a heterosexual man and placed them in a gay man. This failed to cure the gay men of their homosexuality and actually caused many health problems, like hair loss and the loss of the ability to have an erection. Then came Sigmund Freud. Freud theorized on various matters of psychoanalysis, and did many studies on homosexual men (there werent many studies on lesbians ever). He dealt mainy with the sexual drive area of the brain, called the Libido. He maintained one solid reasoning for men being gay: In their earliest childhood, later forgotten, they had an intense erotic attachment to a female person, as a rule their mother, provoked and fostered by the excessive tenderness of the mother herself, further buttressed by recessiveness of the father in the childs life at a later stage the boy represses his love for his mother by putting himself in her place, identifies himself with her, and takes his own person as a model in whose likeness he chooses his new love objects' (LeVay 33). In short, Freud believed that a smothering mother and a recessive father made a gay man. A follower of Freud named Ovesey took these theories further According to Ovesey, a gay man is often fearful of female genitalia because they remind him of the danger castration. Therefore he represses his attraction to women and the Libido associated with that attraction finds another channel for expression namely in attraction to men. Thus, for many homosexual men homosexuality is not their authentic orientation but merely a displaced route for sexual release (LeVay 75) The only theories he offered on lesbians were that he thought they were upset with only having a clitoris and this made them jealous of the male genitalia. He thought that this shouldnt be used as justification to take rights however Psychoanalytic research, wrote Sigmund Freud in 1915, is most decidedly opposed to any attempt at separating off homosexuals from the rest of mankind as a group of special character' (LeVay 67). Many psychology associations included homosexuality in their list of disorders due to Freud. Later in 1957, The American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality for its book of disorders, declaring that homosexuality was not a curable problem in the brain. Further scientific research was in the 1900s with genetic research. Many believed for a long time that their might be a gay gene but this theory has been disproved. Most of the major science journals reported on progress in the field of genetics, but also speculated on how the information would now be used. The one piece of information that ever materialized in form the Human Genome Project was the identification of the so called gay-gene' (Harrub and Thompson 1). This was the result of the Human Genome Project, which many people hoped would come with a scientific justification for homosexuality. When it didnt, many still insisted that there was a genetic reason. Science has always existed but people didnt start really studying it until after Christianity was firmly established. There were even some original Christian scientists like Galileo Galeli, who discovered that the solar system is heliocentric instead of geocentric and was ostracized from the Catholic Church because of it. Science is based off of logic and physical evidence, whereas religion is based on faith. Science, because of this, has even influenced religion, because some Christians accept both. Many Christians also believe that homosexuality is a disorder, even though the APA declared it isnt. This is the reasoning behind many ex-gay ministries, even though psychologists overwhelmingly agree that they are extremely harmful to the individual and are not a psychological institutio n by any means. Science, therefore, wields an incredible influence over society due to some religious acceptance and those who dont have a religion who are largely accepting of scientific fact. Society is a complex place. It is so layered with culture and ways of life that it is hard to analyze and make generalizations about. Luckily there are many consistencies and commonalities in cultures. Homosexuality has been around for centuries, around 26 centuries in fact. There is even evidence pre-dating 600 BC, but its accuracy is questionable, so everything after is what is included below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 600 BC- Island of Lesbos was later the inspiration for the word lesbian à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 27 BC- first recorded same-sex marriages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 244-249 AD- Emperor Phillip the Arab tries to outlaw homosexual prostitution and fails à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 342- First law against same-sex marriage, promulgated by Christian Emperors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 390- Homosexuality declared illegal by Christian emperors, and the punishment would be publicly burned alive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 484- Christian emperors still collect taxes on male prostitutes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 529- Homosexuals made scapegoat by Christian emperors for things like flooding and storms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1102- Council of London ensures English public knows homosexuality is sinful à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1260- France places genital mutilation as punishment for homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1321- Dantes Inferno places sodomites in the 7th circle of hell à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1476- Leonardo Da Vinci charged with sodomy, no verdict à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1532- Holy Roman Empire makes sodomy death sentence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1533- King Henry VIII makes male sex death sentence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1553- Mary Tudor removes King Henry VIIIs laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1558- Elizabeth I reinstates Henry VIIIs laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1620- Prussia makes sodomy punishable by death à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1649- 1st known conviction for lesbianism (USA) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1721- Execution for female sodomy in Germany à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1791- France decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1794- Prussia abolishes death penalty for sodomy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1811- Netherlands and Indonesia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1828- crime against nature is first used in the criminal code in the US à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1830- Brazil decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1832- Russia criminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1835- Russia forces Poland to criminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1836- last Great Britain execution for homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1852- Portugal decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1858- Ottoman Empire (Turkey) decriminalizes sodomy; Timor-Leste legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1865- San Marino decriminalizes sodomy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1867- Karl Heinrich Ulrichs speaks for homosexual rights in Munich à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1871- German Empire criminalizes homosexuality; Guatemala and Mexico decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1880- Empire of Japan decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1886- England decriminalizes homosexuality in men, but not women; Argentina and Portugal decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1889- Italy decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1895- Earl Lind starts first political party with gay rights in the policy agenda à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1903- New York has 1st raid on gay bathhouse, 12 went to trial on sodomy charges à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1910- Emma Goldman fights for homosexual rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1913- faggot is used in literature for the first time in France à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1917- Russia repeals previous ruling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1920- gay is used for the first time referencing homosexuals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1921- England tries to make lesbianism illegal and fails à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1924- 1st gay rights organization in the USA; Panama, Paraguay and Peru legalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1933- Denmark decriminalizes homosexuality; National Socialist German Workers Party bans homosexuals; homosexuals are sent to Nazi concentration camps à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1934- Uruguay decriminalizes homosexuality; USSR criminalizes gay men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1937- Pink Triangle is means gay men for Nazi party à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1940- Iceland decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1942- Switzerland decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1944- Sweden decriminalizes homosexuality; Suriname legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1945- Allies liberate concentration camps, but homosexuals have to serve full term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1950- 190 US government employees dismissed for being gay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1952- Christine Jorgenson is the 1st transgender (Male to Female, MTF) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1954- Alan Turning commits suicide after being given a choice between prison or hormone treatment for being gay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1956- Thailand decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1957- American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its disorders handbook à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1958- US Supreme Court has a 1st case involving gay rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1961- Czechoslovakia and Hungary decriminalize sodomy; Vatican declares gays banned from the Catholic church; Illinois 1st US state to decriminalize sodomy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1963- Israel (De Facto) decriminalize sodomy between men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1965- 1st gay rights demonstration in Canada à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1967- Chad decriminalizes homosexuality; England and Wales decriminalize homosexuality between men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1968- East Germany decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1969- Canada decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1971- Austria, Costa Rica, Finland, Colorado, Oregon, and Idaho repeal sodomy laws; Idaho reinstates because of religious outrage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1972- Sweden allows legal sex changes; Hawaii legalizes homosexuality; East Lansing (MI), Ann Arbor (MC), and Sam Francisco (CA) are the first cities to pass homosexual rights ordinance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1973- Malta legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1974- Kathy Kozachenko is the 1st openly gay American elected to public office à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1975- California legalizes homosexuality; South Australia 1st state in Australia to legalize homosexuality; Panama allows legal sex change à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1976- Christian Voice is founded, first anti-gay group à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1977- Harvey Milk is the third out elected offcial; Quebec prohibits discrmination based on sexual orientation; Croatia, Montenegro and Slovenia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1978- Harvey Milk is assassinated; rainbow flag is first used as gay pride symbol; IGLA forms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1979- Spain and Cuba decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1980- Scotland decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1981- Northern Ireland, Victoria (Aus), and Colombia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1982- California has 1st gay mayor; AIDS acquires many homophobic nicknames à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1983- Portugal re-legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1985- France prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1986- Haiti decriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1987- Homomonument founded in Amsterdam (memorial to persecuted homosexuals) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1988- Belize and Israel (De Jure) decriminalize sodomy and sex between men à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1989- Western Australia decriminalizes homosexuality between men; Liechtenstein legalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1990- UK Crown Dependency of Jersey and Queensland decriminalize homosexuality; Justin Fashanu is the 1st out football player à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1991- Bahamas, Hong Kong and Ukraine decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1992- Estonia and Latvia decriminalize homosexuality; World Health Organization declares homosexuality is not an illness; Australia lets gays in the military; Nicaragua recriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1993- Norfolk Island (Aus) repeals sodomy laws; Belarus, UK Crown Dependency of Gilbraltar, Iceland, Lithuania and Russia decriminalize homosexuality; USA instates Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy; New Zealand lets gays in the military à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1994- Bermuda, Germany, UK Crown Dependency Isle of Man, Serbia and South Africa decriminalize homosexuality; Canada grants sanctuary to gays fearing persecution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1995- Canada passes anti-discrimination law based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1996- Romania and Macedonia decriminalize homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1997- Ecuador and Tasmania decriminalize homosexuality; Fiji and South Africa pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 1998- Bosnia, Herzegovina, Chile, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Southern Cyprus and Tajikistan decriminalize homosexuality; Matthew Shepard is brutally murdered; Ecuador, Ireland and Alberta pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2000- Azerbaijan, Gabon and Georgia decriminalize homosexuality; UK lets gays in the military; Nazis officially apologize to gays and lesbians for harm and persecution up to 1969 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2001- UK Territories decriminalize homosexuality; Rhode Island and Maryland pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation; Netherlands allows same-sex marriage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2002- China and Mongolia decriminalize homosexuality; Romania, Costa Rica and Arkansas repeal sodomy laws; Alaska and New York pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2003- Iraq decriminalizes homosexuality; Belgium, Ontario and British Colombia allow same-sex marriage; Bulgaria, UK, Arizona, Kentucky, Michigan, New Mexico, and Pennslyvania pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation; Armenia and USA repeal sodomy laws; Belize recriminalizes homosexuality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2004- Cape Verde, Marshall Islands decriminalize homosexuality; Manitoba, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon and Massachusetts allow gay marriage; Australia , Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Virginia and Wisconsin ban same-sex marriage; Portugal, Indiana, Louisiana and Maine pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2005- Canada and Spain allow same-sex marriage; Latvia, Uganda, Kansas and Texas ban same-sex marriage; Illinois passes anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation, Puerto Rico repeals sodomy laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2006- South Africa allows same-sex marriage; Tennessee, Alabama, Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia and Wisconsin ban same-sex marriage; Faroe Islands, Germany, New Zealand, Illinois, New Jersey, Washington, DC pass anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation, Kentucky voids anti-discrimination laws à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2007- Nepal and New Zealand territories decriminalize homosexuality; UK Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, and Vermont pass anti discrimination legislation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2008- Nicaragua and Panama decriminalize homosexuality; Connecticut allows gay marriage; Arizona, California and Florida ban same-sex marriage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2009- India decriminalizes homosexuality; Argentina, Phillipines and Uruguay end ban on gays in the military; Serbia, Delaware, and the USA Matthew Shepard Act, pass anti-discrimination legislation; Iceland has the first gay head of government à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 2010- Fiji decriminalizes homosexuality; Australia lets transgendered people in the military; Serbia lets gays in the military; Australia recognizes non-gender specific people; USA repeals Dont Ask, Dont Tell; Portugal, Iceland, Agentina, Mexico City, new Hampshire and DC pass same-sex marriage As shown, religious persecution dates all the way back to the very beginning of the millennium. This shows that religion is the longest-standing resistance to acceptance of all peoples. Christianity has been trying to outlaw and even execute homosexuals for hundreds of years. Bans on gay marriage, the criminalizing of sodomy or homosexuality, or any other anti-gay legislation is almost guaranteed to be religiously based. In conclusion, the gay rights movement is the longest rights struggle in history. It has not really had any specific leaders, but rather a mish-mash of like-minded people. This has lead to there being much progress, but in many ways there has been recession as well. In the late BC, homosexuality was very much a norm in extremely developed societies like the Greek or Roman Empires. With the rise of Christianity however, this norm became an abnormality, and religion very slowly took over and outlawed homosexuality, putting severe penalties on it, such as death. This continued all over the world for many centuries. Science, in its beginning, did not really make anything better, but instead provided another rational for homosexuality being bad by calling it a disorder.

“A Good Man is Hard to Find”: Comparing Flannery O’Connor’s Literary Te

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†: Comparing Flannery O’Connor’s Literary Technique to Grotesque Medieval Literature Upon initially reading Flannery O’Connor’s work, one would have no problem recognizing her use of shocking, violent, or despairing themes. It may not be as easy, however, to completely accept or understand her style. According to Patrick Galloway, one must be â€Å"initiated to her trademarks when reading any of her two novels or thirty-two short stories (1).In many of her works, she paradoxically uses styles that are grotesque and brutal to illustrate themes of grace and self-actualization. As O’Connor herself says, â€Å"I have found that violence is strangely capable of returning my characters to reality and preparing them to accept their moment of grace† (qtd. in Hawkins 30).Although at times disturbing, O’Connor’s paradox is an effective literary technique, deepening the meaning of her stories.Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† can be used as a tool to become ‘initiated’ to this unique style. Few critics would deny that â€Å"A Good Man† is a grotesque story: A grandmother and her son’s family on vacation are ruthlessly killed by an escaped convict.Some O’Connor critics are taken aback by this grotesque aspect because the family and elderly woman seem so innocent.People do not want to imagine their quiet and delicate, â€Å"gray-haired† grandmother standing in the face of a murderer, so they sympathize with O’Connor’s Grandmother as well (Bandy 2).This gruesome scene does not, however, serve as senseless violence.Beyond the disturbing imagery is a story that makes poignant religious and philosophical claims (Galloway 6).Pat Galloway analyzes this technique as the way O’Connor’s characters receive t... ...arterly 34 (Sum 1993): 383-397. Wood, Christopher. Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Works Consulted Bloom, Harold, ed. Flannery O’Connor. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Hagen, Susan. â€Å"Team Teaching Middle English Literature With Flannery O’Connor.† http://panther.bsc.edu/~shagen/oconnor.htm (10 Nov. 1999). McMillen, Jenny. â€Å"Short Story Reviews.†http://www.geocities.com?Athens/Troy/2188/reviews.html (10 Nov. 1999) Owens, Mitchell. â€Å"The Function of Signature in ‘A Good Man is Hard to Find.’† Studies in Short Fiction 33 (Wntr 1996): 101-106. Schilling, Timothy. â€Å"Trying To See Straight: Flannery O’Connor & the Business of Writing.† Commonweal 122 (Nov 3, 1995): 14-15. Sloan, Gary. â€Å"O’Connor’s ‘A Good Man is Hard to Find.’† The Explicator 57 (Wntr 1999): 118-120.

Representations Of Masculinity And Femininity In Miguel Street Essay

Representations of Masculinity and Femininity in Miguel Street It has been said about V.S. Naipaul's novel Miguel Street that "One of the recurrent themes... is the ideal of manliness" (Kelly 19). To help put into focus what manliness is, it is important to establish a definition for masculinity as well as its opposite, femininity. Masculinity is defined as "Having qualities regarded as characteristic of men and boys, as strength, vigor, boldness, etc" while femininity is defined as "Having qualities regarded as characteristic of women and girls, as gentleness, weakness, delicacy, modesty, etc" (Webster). The charcters in Miguel Street have been ingrained with the pre- conceived notions of the roles that Trinidadian society dictates for men and women. Naipaul not only uses these notions to show the differences of the sexes, but takes another step in telling anecdotes of characters showing their anti-masculine and anti- feminine features. This will lead to the discovery that our definitions of masculinity and femininity prove that those characteristics apply to the opposite sex in which the women often act like men, and the men often act like women. All of this will be discussed through looking at both male and female characters in the book as well as the boy narrator of the book. Finding examples of manliness are found with great ease considering that 12 of the 17 stories in some way deal with the theme of manliness (Thieme 24). It doesnt take long before the first example, a carpenter named Popo, is introduced. In the chapter titled "The Thing Without A Name" we are told that "Popo never made any money. His wife used to go out and work and this was easy , because they had no children. Popo said ' Women and them like work. Man not made for work" ( Naipaul 17). This attitude immediately makes Popo stand out from the rest of the men of Miguel Street. Hat (a character that will be discussed later) deems Popo as a "man- woman. Not a proper man" (Naipaul 17) because Popo's wife makes all the money. From this brief description of Popo, the reader quickly learns as to what makes a man manly on Miguel Street. Popo has no children which questions his virility. It is also important to notice that Popo's wife has no identity except that of being P... ...42). I think a lot can be looked into that matter. We expect how men and women should act, but yet in Miguel Street it ends up being all about illusion. This doesnt apply to the secondary characters of the novel, as they serve their purposes of being the stereotypical men and women of Trinidad and in this case, Miguel Street. But the main characters never turn out to be who you initially think they are. Laura, Emelda, Mrs. Morgan and the narrator's mother are examples of women who take charge in their homes. They work, they beat and raise their children, and take on the roles of being the masters of their homes. Hat, Popo, Morgan, Man man (who only acts like he's crazy), and Big Foot (who as big as he is, is really a wimp inside) are examples of the illusion that men are the superior ones of Miguel Street. Only a shallow read could see that otherwise. When all is said and done it is the women who carry the qualities of "strength, vigor and boldness" while the men have the qualities of "gentleness, weakness, delicacy" although definitly not "modesty". On Miguel Street, the only male quality the men have is the lack of modesty, the rest is all illusion.

Cloud computing Service Essay

The â€Å"cloud† refers to the Internet; it is usually hosted on more then one server in multiple locations, normally neither the public nor the businesses know where the information is located. Many consumers are turning to the cloud to store and retrieve their data from any computer in the world. They are using this service to store their software, conduct, documents, other personal and all business operations. Many different consumers are using cloud; but many are using cloud with out taking a look at the advantages and disadvantages that comes with using the cloud computing service. There are three types of service provider by cloud computing models. One is software as a service or SaaS, this service provides consumers with the ability to access user application or service that is located within the cloud. In this service consumer are responsible for update and maintaining the operating system and software. Some of the providers that offer SaaS is Google and Microsoft. The second service provider is Platform as a Service or Paas. Paas allows consumers to purchase access to the platform and solution stack, which includes system, programming language, database and web server. Consumers also, can build their own applications, which could run on the cloud service provider. Some of the providers are Google’s app engine and force.com. Lastly, there is the Infrastructure as a services or Iaas. Iaas provides basic storage and computing capabilities as services over the network. Consumers control and maintain the systems in term of the operating systems, applications, storage, and network connectivity, but consumers do not have any control over the cloud infrastructure. Some providers of the Iaas are, Amazon, GoGrid and 3 Tera. Another type of provider is deployment model of cloud computing, where consumer chooses a unique is based on their specific requirements. There are four primary cloud deployment model private cloud, community cloud, public cloud and hybrid cloud. Private cloud is operated only by one organization,  it can also be managed by the organization or third party and externally. Community clouds are shared by many organizations, and support a specific community that has similar interests and requirements. Public cloud is owned and operated by third party, were it is available for the public on a commercial basis. Lastly, hybrid cloud is two or more deployment like private, community and/or public; this gives the user the ability through their interface to allow data, and also applications to move them from one cloud to another. The advantage of using cloud-computing service is that it can be accessed from any part of the world as long as there is Internet connection. The cost is significantly lower to operating data processing service with compared to the older meth of establishing and maintaining software and hardware on an internal system. This will remove the need for operating costs that accompanying with purchasing or by leasing such software and hardware. Depending on the cloud provider used, storing information to the cloud is almost gives unlimited storage capacity, that will give the public and business no more worries about not having enough storage space. Since data is stored in the cloud, backing up and restoring is much easier then storing on a physical device. Most cloud computing service providers usually are skilled enough to handle recovery of information. The disadvantage of cloud computing service is the technical issues, security issues, and that the information is easily prone to attacks. Even though we can access the information and data on the cloud from anywhere in the world, there are times that the system can have some serious dysfunction. The consumers should be aware that technology is always prone to outages and technical issues. Even the best cloud providers will run into these kind of problems, in spitefulness of keeping high standards of maintenance. Consumers will need a reliable internet connection server at all times, but will be consistently be stuck with networking and connectivity problems. The security to the cloud is another major issues that the consumer don’t look at when submitting all their personal and companies sensitive information that it is being submitted to a third party cloud computing service provider, which could put your information in great risk. Consumer should make absolutely sure that the provider they choose is reliable and will keep their information totally secure. The cloud provider is prone to attack by hack attack and other threats. Storing your information in the cloud could make your personal and business unprotected. Although nothing on the Internet is completely secure, and there is always the lurking possibility of stealth of sensitive data. Any user of any Internet storing should carefully look at the advantage and disadvantage of cloud computing service before submitting any type of information. Also consumers should be aware of the potential risks and problems that is accompany with the cloud. WORKS CITED Jr, R. C. (2010, August 24). Retrieved October 26, 2012, from boardroombrief.com Viswanathan, P. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2012, from www.about.com

Nursing Home Visit Essay

As I visited RSL Anzac Village, Narraben, I have outlined the nurses performing their roles in communication and safety practice in a professional working environment. As I was bought up in Nepal, I was really surprised with my expectation comparing to what I have seen. In this reflective writing I am going to explain about how does my expectation meet the obesevatation communication and safety features. In my imagination, RSL could have been a hospital with many nurses, doctors and very filthy place with nonhuman behavior. The patients could have been very old, weak and motionless, the atmosphere in an aged care centre might be heartbreaking and miserable. Soon after I started walking inside the care center, I was surprise with the way it was operated. I noticed a nurse using very soft tone with acknowledgement. She started with Good morning. How are you today? Even though the person she was addressing was non-verbal, she responded as if she was a normal women. In reply, the person responded with the smile and head nodding. In fact, I was very impressed with the way conversation was made. I think this has demonstrated good interpersonal skills including respect for the patient, patience and politeness, so these are few things that I learned about effective communication and it is necessary to communicate compassionately and effectively with residents. I agree with the Jasmine (2009) as she says therapeutic communication is most essential for nurses as they have care both physically and emotionally. On the second instance, I saw so many mobility equipments to transfer patient from bed to shower chair or from shower chair to bed. After my tutor explained us importance of those equipment , which would simplify and breakdown the task and make our life easy. As a result these device provide mobility support for immobilized elders (Clarke, Chan, Santaguida and Colantonio, 2009). The second incident I got caught in made me to realize there are so many things I got to learn about safety features like, smoke detectors, all fire exist were clear and clearly marked, hall ways and toilets were wide enough for wheelchairs, hand rails provided in hall ways and in bathing areas, very high fence in balcony so that there will not be isk of fall, code access to entry and exit at doors so resident cannot escape, remote for attention or call nurse in need, zebra crossing inside the facility boundary for resident safety in road crossing, alcohol foam sanitizer for infection control. As an everyday routine, nurse visited the dinning room and greet all the residents. I suppose, this spiritual faith of residents and nurse has made this care harmonious and peaceful. Furthermore, I agree with the point of view that one who has not clear understanding of their own spirituality are less likely to meet others spiritual support (McSherry,2006). Therefore, I realized the importance of spirituality in health care. To sum up, the way communication, use of mobility aids, safety features and spiritual support that I experienced in my visit made me explore further in this industry. Which also made me believes it is also a community which is â€Å"the home† of many old people.